Chapter 3: Polynomial and Rational Functions

God made the integers; all else is the work of man.
— Leopold Kronecker

Why This Matters

Polynomials are the building blocks of algebra. They’re simple enough to analyze completely, yet powerful enough to approximate almost any function.

Rational functions — ratios of polynomials — reveal the behavior of systems at their limits: what happens as \(x \to \infty\)? As \(x \to 0\)?

Sections

Section Topic Key Skill Status

3.1

Quadratic Functions

Vertex form, optimization

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3.2

Polynomial Functions

Degree, end behavior

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3.3

Division of Polynomials

Long division, synthetic

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3.4

Zeros of Polynomials

Factor theorem, multiplicity

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3.5

Rational Functions

Asymptotes, holes

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3.6

Polynomial and Rational Inequalities

Sign analysis

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3.7

Variation

Direct, inverse, joint

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