Cello

Strings (low to high): C  G  D  A
  C2 - G2 - D3 - A3
  Tuned in perfect fifths (same as violin, one octave lower)
  Range: C2 to approximately A5 (and beyond in thumb position)

Held between the knees, resting on endpin
Played seated
Left hand: fingerboard is much larger than violin
  Requires wider finger spacing
  Thumb position for high notes (above 4th position)

First position:
  1st finger = whole step from open (not half step)
  Half steps require extended or contracted hand

  On C string:
    0 = C
    1 = D
    3 = E     (shifted — no 2nd finger like violin mapping)
    4 = F

  Positions named 1st through 7th, then thumb position
  Thumb position: thumb acts as a movable nut on the string

Bow hold: overhand grip (like violin, but heavier bow)
Contact point: cello has more variety due to longer strings
  Sul ponticello: near bridge (glassy, harmonics)
  Normal: between bridge and fingerboard
  Sul tasto: over fingerboard (soft, warm)

String crossings:
  Larger arm motion than violin (wider string spacing)
  Elbow height determines which string is played
  Smooth crossings require anticipatory arm movement

Vibrato: arm vibrato (from elbow), wrist vibrato, or finger vibrato
  Cello vibrato is generally wider and slower than violin

Thumb position:
  Required above ~4th position
  Thumb presses on string as a bar/artificial nut
  Harmonics: natural harmonics at nodes (1/2, 1/3, 1/4 of string)

Beginner:
  Suzuki Cello School volumes 1-3
  Dotzauer 113 Studies

Intermediate:
  Bach Cello Suites (No. 1 in G is the gateway)
  Popper High School of Cello Playing
  Saint-Saëns Cello Concerto No. 1

Advanced:
  Dvořák Cello Concerto in B minor
  Elgar Cello Concerto
  Shostakovich Cello Concerto No. 1
  Kodály Sonata for Solo Cello